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KING JAMES BIBLE · PCE

Romans 1:28–32

TEXT EDITION
Pure Cambridge Edition selected
And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;
Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers,
Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,
Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:
Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.
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PASSAGE SELECTION

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Choose up to 10 verses in this chapter. The study tools update with the selected passage.

SCRIPTURE WITH SCRIPTURE

Cross References

25 Essential passages are open for comparison.

Reference depth

From verse 28

  1. 2 Thessalonians 2:10–12Rank 1 from verse 28
    Open

    10And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved.

    11And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:

    12That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.

  2. Romans 1:21Rank 2 from verse 28
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    21Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

  3. Titus 1:16Rank 3 from verse 28
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    16They profess that they know God; but in works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate.

  4. Jeremiah 9:6Rank 4 from verse 28
    Open

    6Thine habitation is in the midst of deceit; through deceit they refuse to know me, saith the Lord.

  5. Romans 1:24Rank 5 from verse 28
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    24Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves:

From verse 29

  1. 2 Corinthians 12:20Rank 1 from verse 29
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    20For I fear, lest, when I come, I shall not find you such as I would, and that I shall be found unto you such as ye would not: lest there be debates, envyings, wraths, strifes, backbitings, whisperings, swellings, tumults:

  2. Proverbs 16:28Rank 2 from verse 29
    Open

    28A froward man soweth strife: and a whisperer separateth chief friends.

  3. Proverbs 26:20Rank 3 from verse 29
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    20Where no wood is, there the fire goeth out: so where there is no talebearer, the strife ceaseth.

  4. Psalms 41:7Rank 4 from verse 29
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    7All that hate me whisper together against me: against me do they devise my hurt.

  5. Romans 3:10Rank 5 from verse 29
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    10As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one:

From verse 30

  1. 2 Timothy 3:2Rank 1 from verse 30
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    2For men shall be lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,

  2. Jude 1:16Rank 2 from verse 30
    Open

    16These are murmurers, complainers, walking after their own lusts; and their mouth speaketh great swelling words, having men’s persons in admiration because of advantage.

  3. 2 Peter 2:18Rank 3 from verse 30
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    18For when they speak great swelling words of vanity, they allure through the lusts of the flesh, through much wantonness, those that were clean escaped from them who live in error.

  4. James 3:5Rank 4 from verse 30
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    5Even so the tongue is a little member, and boasteth great things. Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth!

  5. James 4:16Rank 5 from verse 30
    Open

    16But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil.

From verse 31

  1. 2 Timothy 3:3Rank 1 from verse 31
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    3Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good,

  2. Proverbs 18:2Rank 2 from verse 31
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    2A fool hath no delight in understanding, but that his heart may discover itself.

  3. Romans 3:11Rank 3 from verse 31
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    11There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God.

  4. Isaiah 33:8Rank 4 from verse 31
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    8The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: he hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man.

  5. Jeremiah 4:22Rank 5 from verse 31
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    22For my people is foolish, they have not known me; they are sottish children, and they have none understanding: they are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge.

From verse 32

  1. Romans 1:21Rank 1 from verse 32
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    21Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

  2. Romans 2:1–5Rank 2 from verse 32
    Open

    1THEREFORE thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things.

    2But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things.

    3And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?

    4Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?

    5But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God;

  3. Romans 6:21Rank 3 from verse 32
    Open

    21What fruit had ye then in those things whereof ye are now ashamed? for the end of those things is death.

  4. Psalms 50:18Rank 4 from verse 32
    Open

    18When thou sawest a thief, then thou consentedst with him, and hast been partaker with adulterers.

  5. Romans 1:18Rank 5 from verse 32
    Open

    18For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;

WORDS IN THIS PASSAGE

Definitions

Open a word for its full definition and concordance.

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:28

COMBINED MEANING

even

↗

1. Used to emphasize, include, or precisely identify what is meant: indeed, precisely, or namely. 2. Used to mark a boundary, endpoint, or full reach in place, time, or degree: up to, as far as, or through. 3. In ‘even as,’ ‘even so,’ and like constructions, just as, exactly so, or in the same manner. 4. The evening, or close of day. 5. Equal, level, identical, balanced, or uniform.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

like

↗

Sense 1: Similar or of the same kind; in the same manner; likely. Sense 2: A like person or thing; an equal or counterpart. Sense 3: To please, choose, or regard with favour.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Skeat 1893 · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

retain

↗

To hold or keep in possession; not to lose or part with or dismiss.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

in

↗

1. A preposition marking position, presence, state, circumstance, manner, means, sphere, reference, relation, association, or participation. 2. As an adverb, inward, inside, or into the place or position referred to.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

gave

↗

1. Bestowed, delivered, or granted. 2. Caused or appointed.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

reprobate

↗

Rejected or disapproved as failing the proof or standard; unfit or unacceptable in the stated respect.

Meaning drawn from: Direct Scripture definition · KJV context and cross-references · Skeat 1893 · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

mind

↗

Sense 1: The inward faculty and activity of understanding, thought, memory, attention, judgment, intention, purpose, desire, disposition, resolve, or consent; what one thinks, wills, regards, or sets attention upon. Sense 2: To mind is to attend to, regard, remember, purpose, or be disposed toward something.

Meaning drawn from: Direct Scripture definition · KJV context and cross-references · Skeat 1893

COMBINED MEANING

which

↗

1. An interrogative or relative pronoun identifying one or more persons or things from a stated or implied set. 2. That which; what.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:29

COMBINED MEANING

filled

↗

Past-tense, participial, or adjectival form of fill. Sense 1: To make full or occupy capacity. Sense 2: To satisfy. Sense 3: To occupy. Sense 4: To complete what is lacking.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

unrighteousness

↗

Injustice, wickedness, or violation of divine law and the principles of justice and equity.

Meaning drawn from: Direct Scripture definition · KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

fornication

↗

1. Unlawful sexual relations. 2. By figure, unfaithful or illicit relations.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

covetousness

↗

A selfish or inordinate desire to possess or gain, especially wealth or property; greed or avarice.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

envy

↗

Sense 1: Resentful desire at another's good. Sense 2: As a verb, to feel such jealousy.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

murder

↗

Sense 1: The unlawful, intentional killing of a person. Sense 2: As a verb, to kill unlawfully.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

deceit

↗

Falsehood, guile, fraud, trickery, or a purpose, word, or act intended to mislead.

Meaning drawn from: Direct Scripture definition · KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

whisperers

↗

Persons who speak softly or secretly, especially to spread private accusations or slander.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:30

COMBINED MEANING

evil

↗

Sense 1: Moral wickedness, sin, wrong, or corruption. Sense 2: Harm, misery, calamity, adversity, or punishment.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

disobedient

↗

Refusing or failing to obey a command, word, authority, or duty; not compliant with what was required.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

backbite

↗

To speak reproachfully, maliciously, or injuriously of another, especially behind the person’s back; a backbiter is one who does so.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:31

COMBINED MEANING

without

↗

Outside or on the exterior; beyond a boundary; lacking, absent, free from, not accompanied by, or apart from the person, thing, condition, means, or relation named.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

understanding

↗

1. The capacity or act of perceiving, comprehending, discerning, judging, interpreting, or applying knowledge. 2. Knowledge, insight, wisdom, or prudent judgment possessed or gained. 3. Skill or ability in a work, art, subject, vision, saying, or interpretation.

Meaning drawn from: Direct Scripture definition · KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

natural

↗

Belonging to birth, bodily life, ordinary created nature, native relation, or instinct.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:32

COMBINED MEANING

knowing

↗

Sense 1: Perceiving, understanding, recognizing, or being acquainted with. Sense 2: Having knowledge or skill.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

judgment

↗

The act, authority, process, cause, or result of judging; discernment, legal hearing, verdict, ordinance, justice, government, vindication, condemnation, or punishment.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

which

↗

1. An interrogative or relative pronoun identifying one or more persons or things from a stated or implied set. 2. That which; what.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

commit

↗

To do or perpetrate; to entrust, deliver, consign, or place in custody.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

worthy

↗

Sense 1: Deserving, fit, suitable, or having worth. Sense 2: As a noun, a person of merit, rank, or valor.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

but

↗

Sense 1: However; marking contrast or qualification. Sense 2: Except or unless; excluding all others or alternatives. Sense 3: Only; no more than what follows.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Skeat 1893 · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

in

↗

1. A preposition marking position, presence, state, circumstance, manner, means, sphere, reference, relation, association, or participation. 2. As an adverb, inward, inside, or into the place or position referred to.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

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27And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet.

28And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;

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29Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers,

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30Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

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31Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful:

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32Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.

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