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KING JAMES BIBLE · PCE

Ecclesiastes 4:1–3

TEXT EDITION
Pure Cambridge Edition selected
1SO I returned, and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter.
2Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive.
3Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.
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Cross References

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Ecclesiastes 4:1Cross-references · 41 ranked passages

  1. Open

    16¶ And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment, that wickedness was there; and the place of righteousness, that iniquity was there.

  2. Open

    8¶ If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for he that is higher than the highest regardeth; and there be higher than they.

  3. Open

    16At my first answer no man stood with me, but all men forsook me: I pray God that it may not be laid to their charge.

    17Notwithstanding the Lord stood with me, and strengthened me; that by me the preaching might be fully known, and that all the Gentiles might hear: and I was delivered out of the mouth of the lion.

  4. Open

    7For the vineyard of the Lord of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.

  5. Open

    23But I will put it into the hand of them that afflict thee; which have said to thy soul, Bow down, that we may go over: and thou hast laid thy body as the ground, and as the street, to them that went over.

  6. Open

    13In transgressing and lying against the Lord, and departing away from our God, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.

    14And judgment is turned away backward, and justice standeth afar off: for truth is fallen in the street, and equity cannot enter.

    15Yea, truth faileth; and he that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey: and the Lord saw it, and it displeased him that there was no judgment.

  7. James 5:4Rank 7
    Open

    4Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the Lord of sabaoth.

  8. Job 35:9Rank 8
    Open

    9By reason of the multitude of oppressions they make the oppressed to cry: they cry out by reason of the arm of the mighty.

  9. Open

    2She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks: among all her lovers she hath none to comfort her: all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies.

  10. Open

    9Her filthiness is in her skirts; she remembereth not her last end; therefore she came down wonderfully: she had no comforter. O Lord, behold my affliction: for the enemy hath magnified himself.

  11. Open

    5And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not me, saith the Lord of hosts.

  12. Open

    56But all this was done, that the scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled. Then all the disciples forsook him, and fled.

  13. Open

    5For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will I arise, saith the Lord; I will set him in safety from him that puffeth at him.

  14. Open

    3My tears have been my meat day and night, while they continually say unto me, Where is thy God?

  15. Open

    9I will say unto God my rock, Why hast thou forgotten me? why go I mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?

  16. Open

    7Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; wasting and destruction are in their paths.

  17. Open

    33The fruit of thy land, and all thy labours, shall a nation which thou knowest not eat up; and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway:

  18. Open

    48Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the Lord shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

  19. Open

    7¶ Surely oppression maketh a wise man mad; and a gift destroyeth the heart.

  20. Open

    13And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour:

    14And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

  21. Open

    16And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

  22. Open

    22And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.

  23. Open

    23¶ And it came to pass in process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage.

    24And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.

  24. Open

    16There is no straw given unto thy servants, and they say to us, Make brick: and, behold, thy servants are beaten; but the fault is in thine own people.

    17But he said, Ye are idle, ye are idle: therefore ye say, Let us go and do sacrifice to the Lord.

    18Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you, yet shall ye deliver the tale of bricks.

    19And the officers of the children of Israel did see that they were in evil case, after it was said, Ye shall not minish ought from your bricks of your daily task.

  25. Job 16:4Rank 25
    Open

    4I also could speak as ye do: if your soul were in my soul’s stead, I could heap up words against you, and shake mine head at you.

  26. Open

    21Have pity upon me, have pity upon me, O ye my friends; for the hand of God hath touched me.

    22Why do ye persecute me as God, and are not satisfied with my flesh?

  27. Open

    7They cause the naked to lodge without clothing, that they have no covering in the cold.

    8They are wet with the showers of the mountains, and embrace the rock for want of a shelter.

    9They pluck the fatherless from the breast, and take a pledge of the poor.

    10They cause him to go naked without clothing, and they take away the sheaf from the hungry;

    11Which make oil within their walls, and tread their winepresses, and suffer thirst.

    12Men groan from out of the city, and the soul of the wounded crieth out: yet God layeth not folly to them.

  28. Job 6:29Rank 28
    Open

    29Return, I pray you, let it not be iniquity; yea, return again, my righteousness is in it.

  29. Open

    7And the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the children of Ammon.

    8And that year they vexed and oppressed the children of Israel: eighteen years, all the children of Israel that were on the other side Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead.

  30. Judges 4:3Rank 30
    Open

    3And the children of Israel cried unto the Lord: for he had nine hundred chariots of iron; and twenty years he mightily oppressed the children of Israel.

  31. Open

    13And this have ye done again, covering the altar of the Lord with tears, with weeping, and with crying out, insomuch that he regardeth not the offering any more, or receiveth it with good will at your hand.

  32. Open

    18Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, between him that serveth God and him that serveth him not.

  33. Open

    1AND there was a great cry of the people and of their wives against their brethren the Jews.

    2For there were that said, We, our sons, and our daughters, are many: therefore we take up corn for them, that we may eat, and live.

    3Some also there were that said, We have mortgaged our lands, vineyards, and houses, that we might buy corn, because of the dearth.

    4There were also that said, We have borrowed money for the king’s tribute, and that upon our lands and vineyards.

    5Yet now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren, our children as their children: and, lo, we bring into bondage our sons and our daughters to be servants, and some of our daughters are brought unto bondage already: neither is it in our power to redeem them; for other men have our lands and vineyards.

  34. Open

    15As a roaring lion, and a ranging bear; so is a wicked ruler over the poor people.

    16The prince that wanteth understanding is also a great oppressor: but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days.

  35. Open

    3A poor man that oppresseth the poor is like a sweeping rain which leaveth no food.

  36. Open

    9He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den: he lieth in wait to catch the poor: he doth catch the poor, when he draweth him into his net.

    10He croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones.

  37. Open

    4I looked on my right hand, and beheld, but there was no man that would know me: refuge failed me; no man cared for my soul.

  38. Open

    20Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none; and for comforters, but I found none.

  39. Open

    5Thou feedest them with the bread of tears; and givest them tears to drink in great measure.

  40. Open

    7All the brethren of the poor do hate him: how much more do his friends go far from him? he pursueth them with words, yet they are wanting to him.

  41. Open

    8Mine enemies reproach me all the day; and they that are mad against me are sworn against me.

    9For I have eaten ashes like bread, and mingled my drink with weeping,

Ecclesiastes 4:2Cross-references · 3 ranked passages

  1. Open

    11Why died I not from the womb? why did I not give up the ghost when I came out of the belly?

    12Why did the knees prevent me? or why the breasts that I should suck?

    13For now should I have lain still and been quiet, I should have slept: then had I been at rest,

    14With kings and counsellers of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves;

    15Or with princes that had gold, who filled their houses with silver:

    16Or as an hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants which never saw light.

    17There the wicked cease from troubling; and there the weary be at rest.

    18There the prisoners rest together; they hear not the voice of the oppressor.

    19The small and great are there; and the servant is free from his master.

    20Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the bitter in soul;

    21Which long for death, but it cometh not; and dig for it more than for hid treasures;

    22Which rejoice exceedingly, and are glad, when they can find the grave?

    23Why is light given to a man whose way is hid, and whom God hath hedged in?

    24For my sighing cometh before I eat, and my roarings are poured out like the waters.

    25For the thing which I greatly feared is come upon me, and that which I was afraid of is come unto me.

    26I was not in safety, neither had I rest, neither was I quiet; yet trouble came.

  2. Open

    17Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

  3. Open

    4¶ For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion.

    5For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.

    6Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun.

Ecclesiastes 4:3Cross-references · 11 ranked passages

  1. Open

    29For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck.

  2. Open

    3¶ If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he.

    4For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness.

    5Moreover he hath not seen the sun, nor known any thing: this hath more rest than the other.

  3. Open

    19And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days!

  4. Open

    17Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous unto me: for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

  5. Open

    17Because he slew me not from the womb; or that my mother might have been my grave, and her womb to be always great with me.

    18Wherefore came I forth out of the womb to see labour and sorrow, that my days should be consumed with shame?

  6. Open

    2Oh that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men; that I might leave my people, and go from them! for they be all adulterers, an assembly of treacherous men.

    3And they bend their tongues like their bow for lies: but they are not valiant for the truth upon the earth; for they proceed from evil to evil, and they know not me, saith the Lord.

  7. Open

    18Wherefore then hast thou brought me forth out of the womb? Oh that I had given up the ghost, and no eye had seen me!

    19I should have been as though I had not been; I should have been carried from the womb to the grave.

  8. Open

    10Because it shut not up the doors of my mother’s womb, nor hid sorrow from mine eyes.

    11Why died I not from the womb? why did I not give up the ghost when I came out of the belly?

    12Why did the knees prevent me? or why the breasts that I should suck?

    13For now should I have lain still and been quiet, I should have slept: then had I been at rest,

    14With kings and counsellers of the earth, which built desolate places for themselves;

    15Or with princes that had gold, who filled their houses with silver:

    16Or as an hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants which never saw light.

  9. Job 3:22Rank 9
    Open

    22Which rejoice exceedingly, and are glad, when they can find the grave?

  10. Open

    6And I said, Oh that I had wings like a dove! for then would I fly away, and be at rest.

    7Lo, then would I wander far off, and remain in the wilderness. Selah.

    8I would hasten my escape from the windy storm and tempest.

    9Destroy, O Lord, and divide their tongues: for I have seen violence and strife in the city.

    10Day and night they go about it upon the walls thereof: mischief also and sorrow are in the midst of it.

    11Wickedness is in the midst thereof: deceit and guile depart not from her streets.

  11. Open

    14I have seen all the works that are done under the sun; and, behold, all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

WORDS IN THIS PASSAGE

Definitions

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DEFINED WORDS

Ecclesiastes 4:1

COMBINED MEANING

returned

↗

Past-tense, participial, or adjectival form of return, meaning to go, come, send, or give back; to restore, answer, or turn again.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

considered

↗

Looked at, attended to, examined, or thought carefully about; took into account.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

sun

↗

The great light that rules the day and gives light and heat.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

behold

↗

1. Used as an attention word or command directing someone to look at or take notice of the person, thing, statement, or event presented: look; see; take notice. 2. As a verb, to look upon, see, observe, or witness.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

tears

↗

Drops of fluid shed from the eyes in weeping, grief, pain, or strong feeling.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

oppressed

↗

Past-tense, participial, or adjectival form of oppress, meaning to burden, crush, or treat with unjust severity or hardship.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Cawdrey 1604

COMBINED MEANING

on

↗

1. At, upon, or in contact with the named place, object, side, or time. 2. Toward, against, concerning, depending upon, or directed to the named person or thing. 3. Forward or continuing; in joined expressions such as go on, put on, and lay hold on, the other words supply the particular action.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

side

↗

Sense 1: A lateral part, edge, or surface. Sense 2: A party or position in a dispute.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

power

↗

Sense 1: Ability, strength, force, or effective capacity to act, prevail, or produce an effect. Sense 2: Authority, right, permission, rule, dominion, or control. Sense 3: A person, authority, host, spiritual being, or other agent possessing or manifesting power.

Meaning drawn from: Direct Scripture definition · KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

but

↗

Sense 1: However; marking contrast or qualification. Sense 2: Except or unless; excluding all others or alternatives. Sense 3: Only; no more than what follows.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Skeat 1893 · Webster 1828

DEFINED WORDS

Ecclesiastes 4:2

COMBINED MEANING

wherefore

↗

1. For that reason, or as a conclusion from what precedes; therefore or consequently. 2. For what reason or purpose; why.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

dead

↗

Sense 1: Without life; deprived of life. Sense 2: Lifeless, inactive, insensible, or separated from a former state by figure.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

which

↗

1. An interrogative or relative pronoun identifying one or more persons or things from a stated or implied set. 2. That which; what.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

living

↗

Sense 1: Alive or having life. Sense 2: As a noun, one's means of support or possessions.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

yet

↗

1. Up to or at the present or stated time; still. 2. At some future time. 3. Nevertheless; however. 4. In addition; further.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

alive

↗

Sense 1: Living; having life; not dead. Sense 2: Continuing or active in life, force, or operation.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

DEFINED WORDS

Ecclesiastes 4:3

COMBINED MEANING

yea

↗

1. Indeed, marking confirmation, emphasis, addition, continuation, or heightening of what is said; it may also emphasize a question. 2. Yes, expressing an affirmative answer or declaration.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

better

↗

Sense 1: More excellent, more fitting, or to a greater degree. Sense 2: To improve or make better.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

which

↗

1. An interrogative or relative pronoun identifying one or more persons or things from a stated or implied set. 2. That which; what.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

yet

↗

1. Up to or at the present or stated time; still. 2. At some future time. 3. Nevertheless; however. 4. In addition; further.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

evil

↗

Sense 1: Moral wickedness, sin, wrong, or corruption. Sense 2: Harm, misery, calamity, adversity, or punishment.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

COMBINED MEANING

work

↗

Sense 1: Labour, occupation, an assigned task, or service. Sense 2: An action, deed, operation, effect, product, thing made, or manner of workmanship. Sense 3: To labour, act, operate, perform, make, produce, accomplish, or bring about.

Meaning drawn from: Direct Scripture definition · KJV context and cross-references · Webster 1828

COMBINED MEANING

sun

↗

The great light that rules the day and gives light and heat.

Meaning drawn from: KJV context and cross-references

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Suggested context · Ecclesiastes 4:1–3

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4:1SO I returned, and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter.

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4:2Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive.

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4:3Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

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