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Romans 1:18–29

A connected passage, with study helps kept beside the verses they explain.

TEXT EDITION
Pure Cambridge Edition selected

Romans 1:18

18For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;

Romans 1:19

19Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.

Romans 1:20

20For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:

Romans 1:21

21Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

Romans 1:22

22Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

Romans 1:23

23And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things.

Romans 1:24

24Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves:

Romans 1:25

25Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.

Romans 1:26

26For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature:

Romans 1:27

27And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet.

Romans 1:28

28And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;

Romans 1:29

29Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers,

ENSURE CONTEXTUALIZATION

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DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:18

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

wrath

Intense anger or indignation; also judgment or punishment proceeding from such anger.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · Webster 1828 (independently verified transcription)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

God

A deity or object of worship; when referring to the LORD, the one true God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

heaven

The expanse above the earth, including the sky or firmament; also the dwelling or throne of God, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

against

Opposed to, contrary to, facing, toward, or in contact with; in some settings, exposed to or ready for a stated time.

Meaning drawn from: Skeat 1893

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

all

Wholly, entirely, or altogether; every one or the whole amount, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

unrighteousness

Injustice, wickedness, or conduct contrary to divine law and the principles of justice and equity.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

hold

To grasp, keep, possess, restrain, maintain, regard, or account, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

truth

That which is true; conformity to fact, reality, faithfulness, or God's revealed word, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:19

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

known

Recognized, understood, perceived, acknowledged, or made evident.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

God

A deity or object of worship; when referring to the LORD, the one true God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

manifest

Plainly shown, declared, or revealed; as a verb, to make evident or display openly.

Meaning drawn from: Cawdrey 1604 · Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

shewed

To show: to reveal, declare, display, or make known.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:20

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

creation

The act of creating; the act of causing to exist; and especially, the act of bringing this world into existence.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

clearly

Plainly; evidently; fully. Plainly; honestly; candidly.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

understood

Comprehended, perceived the meaning, or knew with the mind.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

even

Indeed or precisely; adding emphasis to what follows.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

power

Ability, strength, authority, dominion, or the right and capacity to act.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · Webster 1828 (independently verified transcription)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

Godhead

Deity; the divine nature, being, or essence of God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

without

Outside; not within; lacking; free from; or in the absence of.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Skeat 1893 · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

excuse

A reason offered to free from blame, duty, or obligation; as a verb, to seek or grant such release.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:21

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

God

A deity or object of worship; when referring to the LORD, the one true God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

thankful

Grateful; impressed with a sense of kindness received, and ready to acknowledge it.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

imaginations

Thoughts, purposes, plans, or conceptions formed in the mind.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · Webster 1828

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

foolish

Lacking wisdom or sound judgment; acting without proper regard for truth or what is right.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

heart

The bodily organ; more often in Scripture, the inward person—the mind, will, affections, conscience, or moral character—according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · Webster 1828 (independently verified transcription)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

darkened

Deprived of light; obscured; rendered dim; made black; made ignorant.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:22

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

Professing

Openly declaring; avowing; acknowledging.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

wise

Having knowledge, discernment, sound judgment, prudence, or skill.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Skeat 1893 · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

fools

Persons lacking wisdom or sound judgment, especially in moral or spiritual conduct.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:23

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

glory

Splendour, honour, praise, majesty, or a ground of rejoicing or boasting.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

God

A deity or object of worship; when referring to the LORD, the one true God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

image

A likeness, representation, or visible form; often an idol when made or used as an object of worship.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

like

Similar or of the same kind; in the same manner; likely; or, as a verb, to please.

Meaning drawn from: Skeat 1893 · Webster 1828

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

corruptible

That may be corrupted; that may become putrid; subject to decay and destruction.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

man

A human being; an adult male; a person, husband, servant, or representative, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

creeping

Moving on the belly, or close to the surface of the earth or other body; moving slowly, secretly, or silently; moving insensibly; stealing along.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:24

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

Wherefore

Why; for what reason.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · Webster 1828 (independently verified transcription) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · KJV usage (PCE)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

God

A deity or object of worship; when referring to the LORD, the one true God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

uncleanness

Moral impurity; defilement by sin; sinfulness. Foulness; dirtiness; filthiness.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

through

From one side or end to another; by means of; throughout; or because of, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

own

Belonging to oneself; peculiar or proper to the person or thing named.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · Webster 1828 (independently verified transcription)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

hearts

The bodily organ; more often in Scripture, the inward person—the mind, will, affections, conscience, or moral character—according to context.

Meaning drawn from: Approved KJV word-family definition · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · KJV usage (PCE)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

bodies

Physical bodies, corpses, or organized wholes composed of members, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: Approved KJV word-family definition · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · KJV usage (PCE)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:25

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

truth

That which is true; conformity to fact, reality, faithfulness, or God's revealed word, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

God

A deity or object of worship; when referring to the LORD, the one true God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

lie

To recline, rest, remain, or be situated; also, to speak falsely or a falsehood.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

served

Worked for, attended, obeyed, worshipped, supplied, or fulfilled a purpose.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

Creator

One who creates; in KJV usage, God as the maker of heaven, earth, and mankind.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

blessed

Favored by God; happy or spiritually prosperous; or praised, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · Webster 1828 (independently verified transcription)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

ever

At any time; always; continually; or forever, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · Webster 1828 (independently verified transcription)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:26

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

cause

A reason, ground, matter in dispute, or judicial case; as a verb, to make something happen.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

God

A deity or object of worship; when referring to the LORD, the one true God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

affections

Feelings, desires, inclinations, or devoted attachments of the mind and heart.

Meaning drawn from: Bullokar 1616 · Cawdrey 1604 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Skeat 1893 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

even

Indeed or precisely; adding emphasis to what follows.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

change

To make or become different; to alter, exchange, replace, or pass from one state to another.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

use

Employment, purpose, or customary practice; as a verb, to employ or be accustomed.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

against

Opposed to, contrary to, facing, toward, or in contact with; in some settings, exposed to or ready for a stated time.

Meaning drawn from: Skeat 1893

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

nature

The inherent constitution, character, or order of a thing; what belongs to it by origin or birth.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:27

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

leaving

Quitting; withdrawing from; relinquishing; suffering to remain; ceasing; desisting from.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

use

Employment, purpose, or customary practice; as a verb, to employ or be accustomed.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

burned

Consumed with fire; scorched or dried with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

one

The number one; a single person or thing; the same or united as a whole.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

toward

In the direction of; in relation to; approaching; or inclined and ready, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: Skeat 1893

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

unseemly

Not fit or becoming; uncomely; unbecoming; indecent.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

recompence

An older spelling of recompense: compensation, reward, repayment, or amends.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

error

A false belief, wrong course, or departure from the truth, law, or right way identified by the verse.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:28

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

like

Similar or of the same kind; in the same manner; likely; or, as a verb, to please.

Meaning drawn from: Skeat 1893 · Webster 1828

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

retain

To hold or keep in possession; not to lose or part with or dismiss.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

God

A deity or object of worship; when referring to the LORD, the one true God.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

DEFINED WORDS

Romans 1:29

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

filled

Made full; supplied with abundance.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Webster 1828 · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

all

Wholly, entirely, or altogether; every one or the whole amount, according to context.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

unrighteousness

Injustice, wickedness, or conduct contrary to divine law and the principles of justice and equity.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

envy

Resentful desire at another's good; as a verb, to feel such jealousy.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

murder

The unlawful, intentional killing of a person; as a verb, to kill unlawfully.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

deceit

Fraud, guile, or any word or practice intended to mislead another into believing what is false.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · Webster 1828 (independently verified transcription) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · KJV usage (PCE)

MEANING IN THIS VERSE

malignity

Extreme enmity, or evil dispositions of heart towards another; malice without provocation, or malevolence with baseness of heart; deep rooted spite.

Meaning drawn from: Webster 1828 · KJV usage (PCE + 1611)

APPROVED COMBINED MEANING

whisperers

Persons who speak softly or secretly, especially to spread private accusations or slander.

Meaning drawn from: KJV usage (PCE + 1611) · Strong 1890 (KJV alignment witness) · Webster 1828

SCRIPTURE WITH SCRIPTURE

Cross References

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From verse 18

  1. Ephesians 5:6
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  2. 1 Timothy 4:1–2
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  3. Romans 1:32
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  4. Colossians 3:6
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  5. 2 Thessalonians 2:10
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From verse 19

  1. Acts 14:16–17
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  2. Psalms 19:1–6
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  3. Romans 1:20
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  4. Acts 17:23–30
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  5. Isaiah 40:26
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From verse 20

  1. Romans 1:19
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  2. Isaiah 40:26
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  3. Psalms 19:1–6
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  4. Psalms 8:3
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  5. Psalms 33:6–9
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From verse 21

  1. Ephesians 4:17–18
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  2. 2 Kings 17:15
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  3. Jeremiah 2:5
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  4. 2 Timothy 3:2
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  5. Psalms 50:23
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From verse 22

  1. 1 Corinthians 1:19–21
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  2. Proverbs 26:12
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  3. Romans 11:25
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  4. Proverbs 25:14
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  5. Jeremiah 8:8–9
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From verse 23

  1. Psalms 106:20
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  2. Jeremiah 2:11
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  3. Acts 17:29
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  4. 1 Peter 4:3
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  5. Psalms 115:5–8
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From verse 24

  1. Psalms 81:11–12
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  2. Acts 7:42
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  3. Acts 14:16
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  4. Matthew 15:14
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  5. 2 Thessalonians 2:10–12
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From verse 25

  1. Habakkuk 2:18
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  2. Jeremiah 13:25
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  3. 1 John 2:15–16
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  4. Isaiah 44:20
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  5. Amos 2:4
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From verse 26

  1. Jude 1:7
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  2. 1 Timothy 1:10
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  3. Leviticus 18:22–28
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  4. Romans 1:24
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  5. 1 Corinthians 6:9
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From verse 27

  1. Leviticus 20:13
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  2. Leviticus 18:22
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  3. Romans 1:23–24
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From verse 28

  1. 2 Thessalonians 2:10–12
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  2. Romans 1:21
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  3. Titus 1:16
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  4. Jeremiah 9:6
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  5. Romans 1:24
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From verse 29

  1. 2 Corinthians 12:20
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  2. Proverbs 16:28
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  3. Proverbs 26:20
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  4. Psalms 41:7
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  5. Romans 3:10
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